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The first place to start looking at is your income.  Roth IRAs have income limits, so if your income is above those limits, then a Traditional IRA is the only option for you. 

If eligible for both a Roth and a Traditional IRA, the decision of which IRA to pick begins with a question: Do you think your tax rate will be higher or lower in the future?

If you can answer this definitively, you can theoretically choose the IRA that will give you the biggest tax savings. If your tax rate will be higher in retirement, choose a Roth IRA and its delayed tax benefit.  If your tax rate will be lower in retirement, choose a traditional IRA and its upfront tax advantage. 

The key difference between aRoth and a traditional IRA is how and when you get a tax break.  The tax advantage of a traditional IRA is that your contributions are tax-deductible in the year they are made. The tax advantage of a Roth IRA is that you pay your taxes now and receive tax-free distributions of withdrawals in retirement. 

Roth IRA

Traditional IRA

Contribution limit

2018: $5,500 ($6,500 for those age 50 and above).
2019: $6,000 ($7,000 for those 50 and above).

Key pros

  • Qualified withdrawals in retirement are tax-free. 
  • Contributions can be withdrawn at any time. 
  • If deductible, contributions lower taxable income in the year they are made.

Key cons

  • No immediate tax benefit for contributing. 
  • Ability to contribute is phased out at higher incomes. 
  • Deductions may be phased out. 
  • Distributions in retirement are taxed as ordinary income.

Early withdrawal rules

  • Contributions can be withdrawn at any time, tax- and penalty-free. 
  • Unless you meet an exception, early withdrawals of earnings may be subject to a 10% penalty and income taxes.
  • Unless you meet an exception, early withdrawals of contributions and earnings are taxed and subject to a 10% penalty.

Required minimum distributions

  • RMDs do not apply
  • RMDs must be taken starting in the year you turn 70½.